陽城皇城相府導(dǎo)游詞
導(dǎo)語：陽城縣，古稱濩澤，隸屬于山西省晉城市，位于山西省東南端，地處太岳山脈東支，中條山東北，太行山以西，沁河中游的西岸。以下是小編整理陽城皇城相府導(dǎo)游詞的資料，歡迎閱讀參考。
女士們、先生們：
皇城相府位于山西省陽城縣城東15公里的北留鎮(zhèn)皇城村，是一座建于明清兩代的古城堡建筑群，總面積36580平方米，至今已有500多年的歷史了。它是清文淵閣大學(xué)士。兼吏部尚書加三級、《康熙字典》總裁官、康熙皇帝35年講經(jīng)老師陳廷敬的故居�；食窍喔菄�4A級旅游區(qū)，也是電視劇《康熙王朝》外景拍攝地。 陳廷敬，自幼聰穎過人，才華橫溢，20歲中進士，一生28次升遷，直至成為一代名相，被當代史學(xué)界譽為清代著名的政治家、文學(xué)家、理學(xué)家�；食顷愂霞易迦瞬泡叧觯萍锥κ�，明清兩代有9人中進士，6人入翰林，為清代中國北方文化大家族。 [御書樓] 這座古老雄偉的建筑叫御書樓，因藏有康熙御筆而得名，建于康熙五十三年(1714)�？滴跛氖拍�(1710)，72歲高齡的陳廷敬曾多次請求告老還鄉(xiāng)，均被康熙帝婉言謝絕。當年十一月，他再次因耳疾力請辭官，終于獲得恩準。但康熙帝命他原官解任，但仍留京用事，總裁《康熙字典》的編修，并說：“卿是耆舊，可稱完人�！标愅⒕崔o官后，康熙帝對他更加關(guān)懷有加，經(jīng)常到他寓所探望。次年二月康熙帝再次到他書房巡視，看到陳廷敬不顧體弱多病，廢寢忘食，一絲不茍地審編字典時，備受感動，當即御筆親書“午亭山村”和“春歸喬木深蔭茂，秋到黃花晚節(jié)香”這幅匾聯(lián)賜予陳廷敬，對他的一生給予充分的肯定和高度的贊揚，并動情地說：“朕特書此匾聯(lián)賜卿，自此不與人寫字矣�！薄拔缤ぁ睘殛愅⒕吹耐硖�。陳廷敬去世后，他的三兒子陳壯履將御書恭摹勒石，建樓珍藏，以示紀念。
[中道莊城門]
皇城相府的外城叫中道莊，是陳廷敬拜相入閣，升為文淵閣大學(xué)士兼吏部尚書之后于康熙三十八年(1699年)修建的。按照內(nèi)城風格，條石筑基，青磚砌墻，城樓、堞樓、望河亭前后呼應(yīng)，左右相倚，與內(nèi)城相接。既可登高遠眺，賞心悅目，觀覽風景，又可居高臨下，拱衛(wèi)拒敵，外城門上鑲嵌有兩塊匾額，上為“天恩世德”，下為“中道莊”。中道莊含意：一是自古以來，在樊水河畔，上有梅莊，下有三槐莊，皇城處于中間地段，故名中道莊;二是說皇城的主人身居官場，恪守的是孔孟之道，故曰“中道莊”。上匾“天恩世德”四字，以示皇天在上，天賜恩德，世代不絕。
[功德牌坊]
穿過中道莊城門后看到的是這大小兩座石牌坊。它是陳氏家族用來旌表族人取得功名和榮譽的功德牌坊。這座大牌坊，始建于康熙三十八年(1699年)，四柱三樓，枋額雕龍鐫鳳，基座瑞獸環(huán)擁，氣勢恢宏，蔚為壯觀。牌樓上方“冢宰”二字是宰相的別稱，意為百官之首;“總憲”二字是都察院左都御史的別稱。牌坊最下面一格，“戊戌科賜進士正一品光祿大夫經(jīng)筵講官吏戶刑工四部尚書都察院掌院士左都御史陳廷敬”，就是相府主人。
他在朝為官53年，先后擔任過吏、戶、刑、工四部尚書，并入閣拜相，聲名顯赫。封建社會推崇“父以子貴，婦隨夫榮”的倫理道德，因陳廷敬是朝廷中的一品大員，官高位顯，他的父輩以上是要加官晉爵的。所以，以上三行是分別封贈給陳廷敬的父親、祖父、曾祖父的官職。左右分別有“一門衍澤”、“五世承恩”8個大字，意思是說陳氏一門五代都受到了皇帝的恩賜。下邊則是陳廷敬兄弟子侄們所取得的功名和官職。牌樓的護柱石由獅子滾繡球的圖案組成。小牌坊建于清順治十四年(1657)，兩柱一樓，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，上面記載著從明嘉靖到清順治年間陳廷敬已經(jīng)中舉，由于受封建等級制度的限制，小牌坊的規(guī)模和裝飾均不及前者，但在康熙年間的大牌坊未建成之前，仍不失為陳氏家庭的榮耀和標志。 [冢宰第] 冢宰第門樓高大，威嚴壯觀，在大門上方有“冢宰第”三個大字。在陳廷敬拜相入閣后又在外面的兩柱間加上了“大學(xué)士第”匾額一塊。門前有兩墩旗桿石。
進入大門，就可以看到當時的過道大廳，至今余韻猶存。它為四柱三門、三間七架的結(jié)構(gòu)。中間的門叫儀門，一般是不開的，左右兩邊分別是接序行走的過道。 “冢宰第”的建筑裝飾既仿古、仿舊(東方的)，又仿真、寫實(西方的)，開清代穎細繁密的先河。這些裝飾題材，以寓意、比喻的手法寄托著主人的理想和希望，表現(xiàn)了不同層次人們的審美觀點。該院落的主建筑，正面為迎客大廳，康熙曾經(jīng)兩次在這兒做客。康熙三十九年(1700年)，為表彰陳廷敬的豐功偉績，康熙皇帝為陳廷敬題寫了“點翰堂”之匾額，這幅匾額被掛在大廳上方以示榮耀。
[斗筑居] 在內(nèi)城的城門上方鑲嵌著一塊不大的石匾，上書“斗筑可居”4個大字，這是陳廷敬的伯父陳昌言手書。內(nèi)城形似斗狀，是陳家為躲避明末流寇的侵擾而修建的。陳昌言將內(nèi)城比作斗，意為在小小斗室之中有保安求全存身之地。 [屯兵洞] 我們現(xiàn)在來到了內(nèi)城墻上，登高遠眺，內(nèi)城最引人注目的，當數(shù)三間七層、高百尺的河山樓和屯兵洞等建筑。河山樓東堡墻根一字形排開、依地勢用磚石砌筑的五層窯洞層層遞升，直至垛口，大小不同，內(nèi)外相聯(lián)，上下用甬道相接。內(nèi)部既通且連，一進三四間，顯得古樸厚重。這些窯洞，既省工省料，經(jīng)久耐用，冬暖夏涼，易于居住;又錯落有致，變化多端，立體感強，隱蔽性好，在建筑上頗具匠心。 [河山樓] 河山樓建于明崇禎五年(1632年)，是陳氏家族為了抵御亂軍侵擾而建造的防御性建筑。該樓長3.4丈、寬2.4丈、高10丈，是相府城內(nèi)最高的.建筑。樓分7層，有墻內(nèi)梯道和層間木梯相通，雄渾堅固，可容千人避難于其中。三層以上設(shè)有窗戶，樓頂建垛口和女墻，便于了望敵情和拋擲亂石，底層深入地下，掘有水井，備有石碾、石磨、灶具等生活設(shè)施，并有地道通往城外，以防不測。
[內(nèi)城]
自崇禎五年建起河山樓后，陳氏家族憑借堅固的河山樓頑強抗擊了數(shù)次流寇的襲擊，保證了周圍千余鄉(xiāng)鄰的生命不受侵害。但樓內(nèi)容量畢竟有限，為永保萬全，陳家耗巨資，于崇禎六年(1633年)農(nóng)歷七月動工，第二年春天建成。內(nèi)城全長467米，垛口149個，平均寬度為2米，高度為12.5米,最高處25米,用石7000余方,磚370多萬塊.西、北門用鐵皮包裹，門上各有樓閣。為防不測，鐵門之外設(shè)有粗大的木柵欄。城內(nèi)所有建筑均為明代建筑，每處院落自成體系，各有特點，對研究明代建筑有著重要的歷史價什值。
[世德居]
這座精巧別致的院落叫“世德居”。俗稱“世德院”，由陳廷敬曾祖父陳三樂經(jīng)商時的商號——“世德堂”而得名。世德堂創(chuàng)建于明代正德年間，距今已有400余年，是陳氏家族移居中道莊時的早期建筑。后經(jīng)多次修復(fù)擴建，逐漸形成現(xiàn)在的規(guī)模。
世德居是陳氏家族繁榮昌盛的發(fā)祥地，是陳廷敬的父親陳昌期居住的地方。第一層?xùn)|方為陳廷敬的出生地，第二層為藏書樓，第三層為藏版樓。因為陳家家道殷實，讀書人多，又歷代尊師重教，所以建有刻版印刷廠，印刷各類書籍供子弟們學(xué)習，并有自己的藏書樓。
站在內(nèi)城高處可以看出，內(nèi)城與外城相連，互為依托，交相輝映，渾然一體，進可攻，退可守。內(nèi)城的建筑多是坐東朝西四合院，典型的晉東南民居特色，外城坐北朝南，明代建筑風格，依山就勢，高低錯落有致。
[陳氏宗祠]
陳氏宗祠是祭祀陳氏祖先的祠堂，里面供奉著陳氏先祖的牌位，廂房內(nèi)掛有陳氏先祖遺像圖和陳氏族譜圖。祠堂正門兩側(cè)懸掛著“德積一門九進士，恩榮三世六翰林”的楹聯(lián)，記載著陳氏在明清兩代共有9人中進士，6人入翰林�；食顷愂�，原籍河南省彰德府臨漳縣(彰德府即現(xiàn)在的安陽市，臨彰縣即現(xiàn)在河北省邯鄲市臨彰縣)。明永樂年間，由于家鄉(xiāng)遭受自然災(zāi)害，師祖陳靠被迫帶領(lǐng)全家老少遷居晉城市澤州縣天戶里半坡村，明宣德四年(1429)年遷居于此。
皇城相府的價值不僅在于它宏偉的建筑，還在于它豐富的歷史文化內(nèi)涵。陳氏家族不僅留下眾多的詩文、遺著和傳說，而且有作為清朝極盛時期最高統(tǒng)治者康熙皇帝的大量御書、御詩、牌匾、挽詩、一個朝臣宰輔的故地，能遺存這樣多的皇帝御筆，歷史上是很少見的。皇城相府對于研究明清中國政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、民俗、哲學(xué)、建筑等均有重要價值。這也正是它獨具魅力的地方。
延伸閱讀（英語版）：
Ladies and gentlemen,
Located in yangcheng county, Shanxi Province royal 15 km east of the city of north town village, is an ancient castle built in the Ming and qing dynasties buildings, with a total area of 36580 square meters, has been 500 years of history. It is a bachelor of arts. He was also the former residence of the President of the kangxi dictionary and the 35 years of kangxi's speech by Chen tingjing. The imperial palace is a national 4A tourist area, and it is also the location of the TV drama "the kangxi dynasty". This site, have been intelligent, talented, 20-year-old jinshi, 28 times life promotion, until become a generation of names, known by contemporary historians as the qing dynasty famous politicians, writers, neo-confucianism. The Chen clan of the imperial city had a wealth of talents, and the imperial family of the imperial family was at its peak. In the Ming and qing dynasties, there were nine people in the Ming and qing dynasties, and six of them entered the hanlin in the qing dynasty. The ancient and magnificent building is called the imperial palace. It was named after the emperor kangxi, which was built in the 53rd year of kangxi (1714). In his forty-ninth year (1710), Chen tingjing, 72 years old, had repeatedly asked to return to his hometown and was politely declined by emperor kangxi. In November of that year, he returned to the office of the ear disease again, and finally got his kindness. But emperor kangxi ordered his former official to remain in Beijing, but he remained in Beijing, and the President, the President of the kangxi dictionary, said: "qing is an old man, but he is a perfect man." After Chen tingjing's resignation, emperor kangxi was more concerned with him and often visited his apartment. On February kangxi emperor again to his study tour, see this site regardless of sickly, forget all about eating and sleeping, meticulously ShenBian dictionary, is touched, promptly YuBi pro book "noon pavilion mountain village" and "spring back to the shadow of trees deep alum, autumn to huanghua minds" of the inscriptions give this site, for his whole life give full affirmation and high praise, and said: "I'm writing this inscriptions give qing, since then don't write with people." The afternoon pavilion is the evening of Chen tingjing. After the death of Chen tingjing, his three sons, Chen zhuang, made a memorial to the imperial palace to commemorate the memorial.
[zhongdahuang city gate]
The outer city of the city of huangcheng, called zhongdao zhuang, was built in the thirty-eighth year of kangxi (1699) by Chen tingjing, who entered the cabinet and promoted to the bachelor of arts and the ministry of civil affairs. According to the inner city style, the brick wall, the brick wall, the tower, the castle tower, the front and back, the right and left, and the inner city. It can be seen in the distance, pleasing to the eye, viewing the scenery, and condescending, the arch guards resisting the enemy, the outer gate is inlaid with two plaques, the top is "tiannshide", the next "zhongdao zhuang". Zhongdao zhuang meaning: one is from ancient times, on the fan water river, there is the meizhuang, with the three locust village, the imperial city in the middle section, hence the name zhongdao zhuang; The second is to say that the master of the imperial city is in officialdom, and abide by the way of kongmeng, hence the "zhongdao zhuang". The inscription on the plaque "tianenshide" is a symbol of heaven and heaven.
[gongde memorial arch]
The two stone archways were seen after crossing the gateway. It is a meritorious memorial to the Chen family for the fame and honor of the family. This large arch, built in the thirty-eighth year of kangxi (1699), four pillars and three floors, the fangerao carved dragon engrave, the base of the beast ring, magnificent, magnificent. The second word is the prime minister's name, which means the top of the hundred officials. The word "general constitution" is the name of the imperial court. At the bottom of the memorial hall, "the doctor of the reform movement, the minister of the department of the state of the province, is a scholar of the four books of the imperial family, and the minister of the state, Chen tingjing, is the master of the government."
He was in his office for 53 years. He served as an official, a family, a sentence, four books, and he entered into a great reputation. The feudal society advocated the ethics of "the father is expensive, the daughter and the husband", because Chen tingjing is a member of the imperial court in the imperial court, the official high level, his father or above is to add official jin. Therefore, the above three lines are the official duties of the father, grandfather and great-grandfather who were given to Chen tingjing respectively. There are "one yanze" and "five world chengen", which means that Chen's five generations have been blessed by the emperor. The following is the fame and official position of the nieces of Chen tingjing. The pillars of the building are composed of the pattern of a lion's ball. Small memorial arch, built in the qing shunzhi 14 years (1657), two columns on the first floor, structure is simple, it recorded from Ming to qing shunzhi years jiajing this site has been approval, due to the limitation of feudal hierarchy, the size of the small arch and decoration are not as good as the former, but in kangxi years before the big arch was not completed, is still the glory of the extended family and signs. The first floor of the tomb was tall and majestic, and there were three big words "zuka" above the gate. After Chen tingbai entered the cabinet, he added the "bachelor's first" plaque to the other two columns. There are two flagstones in front of the door.
Enter the gate, can see the corridor hall at that time, the lingering rhyme still remains. It is the structure of four pillars, three doors and three seven frames. The door of the middle gate is called the gate, usually not open, the left and right sides are the passageway walk. The architectural decoration of "zukai" is archaic and imitative (Oriental), and it is also simulated and realistic (western). These decorative themes, in the allegorical and metaphorical means of the master's ideal and hope, show the different levels of people's aesthetic views. The main building of the courtyard, front of the reception hall, kangxi has been here twice. In the thirty-ninth year of kangxi (1700 years), in recognition of the great achievements of Chen tingjing, emperor kangxi wrote a plaque for Chen tingjing, which was hung above the hall to show his glory.
In the inner city of the city, there is a small stone plaque on top of the city gate, and the book "dou build can live" four big words, this is Chen tingjing's uncle Chen changyan calligraphy. The inner city was shaped like a bucket, which was built by the Chen family to avoid the invasion of the late Ming dynasty. Chen changyan compared the inner city to a fight, which means that there are security guards in the small fighting room. We now come to the wall of the inner city, overlooking the inner city, the most striking of the inner cities, when there are three seven floors, a hundred feet of river hill buildings, and the building of the camp tunnel. The building in the east of the river is arranged in a zigzag pattern, and the five layers of the kiln cave, which are built in masonry, are ascended to the top of the structure, and the size is different, and the inside and outside are linked together. The inside is connected and connected, one to three or four, appear primitive and thick. These cave dwellings, as well as provincial materials, are durable, warm and easy to live in. It is also staggered, varied, solid, concealment, and very craftsmanship in architecture. The river hill building, built in the fifth year of Ming chongzhen (1632), is a defensive building built by the Chen family to ward off chaos. The building is 3.4 zhangs, 2.4 zhangs and 10 zhangs. It is the tallest building in the city. The building is divided into seven floors, with the interconnection between the inner stairway and the laminates, which is strong and strong, and a thousand people have taken refuge in it. More than three layers with Windows, roof built horse-refraining pits and battlements, facilitate lookout predators and throwing rocks, the underlying deep underground, dig Wells, with grinding stone, stone mill, ovens and other living facilities, and have a tunnel leading to the city, a precaution.
[its]
In the five years since chongzhen built the river, Chen's family has fought the attacks of several times with strong river and mountain buildings, guaranteeing the life of thousands of neighboring villages. However, the capacity of the building is limited after all, and it is a huge amount of money for yongbao and Chen's family. The construction of the first July of the sixth year of chongzhen (1633) will be completed in the spring of the second year. Inner city total length of 467 meters, the crenel 149, the average width of 2 meters, the height is 12.5 meters, the top 25 meters, with more than 7000 square, more than 370 ten thousand pieces of brick. West, north gate with metal packages, each have a castle in the door. In case of undetected, there is a large wooden fence outside the iron gate. All the buildings in the city are built in the Ming dynasty, and each of them has its own system and features. It has important historical value for the study of Ming dynasty architecture.
[the world]
The quaint courtyard is called "the world deju". It is commonly known as "the yard", which was named after the shang, "shide tang", by Chen sanle. Founded in zhengde in the Ming dynasty of the Ming dynasty, shidtang has more than 400 years. It was the early construction of the Chen family when he moved to zhongdao zhuang. After many restoration and expansion, gradually formed the present scale.
It was the birthplace of Chen's family and the place where Chen chang lived. The first floor is the birthplace of Chen tingjing, the second is the Tibetan book building, and the third floor is the Tibetan building. Because Chen jia's family road is rich, the reader is many, and generations of respected teachers have retaught, so there are engraving printing works, printing various books for the children to learn, and have their own library.
From the high point of the inner city, it can be seen that the inner city is connected to the outer city, and it is supported by each other. The buildings in inner city are mostly siheyuan in the east, which is typical of the southeast of jinnan, and the outer city sits north and south, and the style of the Ming dynasty is the style of the Ming dynasty.
[Chen's ancestral hall]
Chen's ancestral hall is a shrine to Chen's ancestors, which is decorated with the memorial tablets of Chen's ancestors. The family hall is hung with a portrait of Chen's ancestors and a genealogy of the Chen clan. On the two sides of the front door of the ancestral hall are the couplet of "the dji a niner and the hanlin of the sixth hanlin", which is recorded in the Ming and qing dynasties, with nine people in the Ming and qing dynasties, and six in the hanlin. Chen shi of huangcheng, the native place of henan province, zhangxian county (the present anyang city, linzhang county, the present city of handan city of handan county). During the reign of Ming yongle, Chen was forced to take his family and his family to the village of tianhuli, in the city of zzhou county, in the city of zeyang county, in the city of zeyang county.
The value of the imperial palace lies not only in its magnificent architecture but also in its rich historical and cultural connotations. Chen family not only left many poems, work and legends, and as the supreme ruler, emperor kangxi of the qing dynasty jisheng period of imperial books, poetry, plaque, wan, a courtier ZaiFu places, can remains so much YuBi emperor is rare in history. The government of huangcheng is important for the study of Chinese politics, economy, culture, folk custom, philosophy and architecture. This is where it is attractive.
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